GENERAL APPEARANCE
A strong, large, dappled, well connected and supple live-stock dog1, square form (permitted 5% longer than its height in withers). Bone is neither light nor massive nor heavy. It has an extremely long, dense and solid fur of a colorful surface2. Rather withdrawn than nervously, rather indifferent than aggressive.
Very tough, summons and preserving.
MEASUREMENTS
Desirable size approximately 70 cm tall for a dog, 60-65 cm for a bitch3.
HEAD
Lupine, wedge-shaped and elongated. Due to the heavy coat it could look too small sometimes4. Powerful and long jaws, teeth complete, scissor bite5. The back of the muzzle is straight. The zygomatic arches above the eyes may be slightly noticable6. Back of skull elongated but not narrow, straight from zygomatic arches to occiput. Top of the muzzle straight, proportional, never pointed or excessively fleshy, lips fitted tightly to the jaws7. Almond shaped eyes, eyelids close to the skull8. Large ears, that are single turn down9, set high up, nearer to the vertex
NECK
Long10, carried low, set at 45 degree when alert. Neck muscles firm and taut. Skin quite thick especially at the nape of the neck and adheres to the inner tissue not only on the upper but also on the lower side of the neck. Covered with a rich crop of long hair (ruff).
WITHERS
Transition from neck to withers forms a well pronounced11 stop which starts from the upper neck line and goes behind to the top of shoulder joints.
BACK
Relatively short, firm, moderately wide and level12.
RUMP
Medium length, slightly arched13 loins, tail set high or moderately high.
TAIL
Long, can be saber-shaped, annular or hooked (slight upward turn at the tip), set medium high. Highly mobile, at rest hanging downwards. When in motion - trotting - or when alert or excited, always carried above the back14.
CONNECTION
Connection between chest and rump is short and relatively wide, longer in bitches.
CHEST
Very broad, conically deep15, wide and rounded, but ribs not heavy. The breast is well-proportioned and forms a firmly connected unit between shoulder joint and chest. As a rule, the sternum (breast bone) tip is a little below the shoulder joint16.
BELLY
Firm muscules, continous lower line, moderately tucked-up from the back end of sternum to the inside of loins.
LEGS
Must be set correctly17 at excellent angles without excess and long. Bone must not be too thick or heavy. Angles between shoulder and elbow as well as angles of the back legs are medium18. Viewing sidewise, foreleg pasterns deviate slightly from the vertical line. Back leg dewclaws may be well developed19. Very strong and lean paws. Pads supple with strong nails. Front paws are rounder than back.
MUSCLES
Flat, firm and lean.
SKIN
Tough, quite thick at the neck. Snug on the body and the neck. Should not be flabby or hang loosely, not even under the throat. Lips or eyelids must not droop.
COAT
As a rule, long coated with short hair on face and front part of legs20.
Top coat is long, hard textured (similar to goats) and straight. On the front part of shoulders and backside of rump it can be slightly wavy. Particularly well developed on the neck also below the tail very rich and long, forming trousers. Feathering on the forearm and very rich feathering on the tail. Upper hair is especially long on the upper rump just before tail set21.
Firmly closed and not able to be opened in parting.
COLOURS AND PIGMENTATION
As a rule ..... are multicolored dogs. White base covers more or less with portions in other colour(s). Either dark colour all over the body (mantle) with white only around neck, on head and legs; or almost entirely white animal with few marking, but always with spots on legs and head (mask) and dark tufts in long white coat.22 All colour variations and particolored are valued equally23. Eyes colour (iris) must be consistently with coat colour24.
MOVEMENT
Vivacious, can have relatively shorter and higher gait, but always abundantly, supple and alert.
BEHAVIOUR
Typical adult ...... is very calm, almost indifferent, but vigilant (alert) watch dog. Emotional with familiar people. When living in a pack it is highly social animal. Toward unknown people or animals, as a rule aggression not emphasized. In appropriately situations, very determined and can resolutely attack much stronger rivals. In this situation ....... is wary, but brusque, persistent and unpleasant.
FAULTS (MILD)
- Slightness of skeleton
- Slight but still proportional head
- Surplus or shortage of one or two premolars
- Slightly shorter coat or too wavy coat or too soft coat
- Slighter longer back
- Too straight a short rump with too high a tail set
- Eyelids poorly bad pigmented
- Shorter and incorrect ear set
- Angulations too straight, yet still allowing good movement (not dysfunctional)
FAULTS (SERIOUS)
- Lymphatic type,
- Too heavy frame
- Head too wide and round, too short or to angulate
- Bone too thick or heavy
- Stop too noticeable
- Lips too big and droppy
- Too much hanging skin under the throat
- Undershot, overshot, shortage more than two premolars or molars, and all genetic faults in teeth set25
- Shoulders badly connected
- Legs badly angulated
- Too softly pasterns and opened paws
- Shortage of or badly set sexual organs
1) A good ...... looks like animal firmly grounded, very stable and balanced in every natural gesture. Lymphatic, hardly moving, bulky and sluggish animals disproportionally built and poorly coupled, "astenic" (delicate, sensitive frame) and all others, which by type or by form significantly depart from Standard description should be considered undesirable in the Tornjak breed.
2) There are also dark-colored copies, which have white stains only at the head, at the neck and at the legs. Such a coloring is considered also as rightas the colorful-colored animals, but such a coloring is dominant heritagable and therefore these animals should be mated only with colorful-colored animals. Otherwise there would dominant homozygots would be generated and this darker coloring would dominate in the race very shortly.
3) These measurments are only desirable values. In breeding lineage and genus are more important than an individual sample.
4) Wide, short heads with noticeable stop, like Rotweiller or Newfoundland or Sarplaninac; too large a head as well those with big skull and small muzzle should be considered undesirable in the ...... breeding.
5) Until........ population is sufficient, ideal scissor bite or full set of premolars on one side (P1, P2, P3), should not be insisted upon. Dogs with more perfect set of teeth have privilege, and in breeding at least one dog must have impeccable teeth.
6) On zygomatic arches area skin is a bit stronger and with delicate skull bones form a bit pronaunced shape of zygomatic arches.
7) Badly fit lower-lip to jaws and particularly drooliness (having lip sores) are marks of "lymphatic and should be considered as a fault. May be specimens with upper hanging a bit in front over lower lip. If these characteristic aren't too noticeable and too untypical, they shouldn't be considered as faulty.
Hanging lower-eyelids are a serious fault.9) Until ....... population is sufficient, slightly smaller ears turned down and opened (somewhat like Greyhounds) should be considered as a mild defect. In breeding,this detail should be paidy attention; only one parent should be allowed to have irregular ears.
10) It is important for a breed, because only on that way, from relativelly light head, can focus of the animal reach its regular place. Specifically, ........ neck has to be relatively longer than that of Sarplaninac or Senenhound. Specimens with short, high inserted neck are undesirable and should be eliminated from breeding.
11) .......... with not so noticeable withers are unfortunatelly common. We have to tolerate this feature to some degree, but above descripted form should be prefered.
12) Good back length is conspicuously link with good withers. This length in bitches is slightly longer in the loins. Irregular, flexible backbone is first noticed by underlined attitude of rear legs. Careful judging most be done so not to misinterpret heavy coat on front part of rump as superstructuring.
13) Long knocked down rump is common. When it isn't accompanied with too long and soft back, it shouldn't be considered as a serious fault. But rump not knock- ed down and with a tail medium highly set should be preferred.
14) When alert and moving, very high lifting of very tufty tail: a key feature of the breed. All forms of tails which allow this display sholud be considered good. Too short (shorter than ankle joint), or any kind of unhealthy tail should be considered as a serious fault.
15) It is understandable that conical chest in bitches can be slightly inflated than in dogs.
16) There are dogs which entire chest are more or less moved backward so that angle between shoulder joint and upper arm reachs few "fingers" (mesure which means 7-8 cm) before focus of animal. When this kind of structure occurs, it should be considered a more serious fault, as it is regularly linked with faults of withers and backsand with shorter upper arm and/or shoulder joint.
17) Irregularly attitudes, soft elbows, "French" attitude front, "caw's" attitude rear legs or so should be considered as a serious faults; some opened attitude of shoulder joint and back legs is not considered a major deficiency.
18) Deviation is about 5 degree. Old dogs have softer pasterns, but young ones haven't more than 5 ds. The softer the biger the deficit. Specimens with regular, well expressed angles, and especially this ones with long, proportionaal femor should be considered the best.
19) In shepherd (pastoral) tradition dewclaws were held in high esteem, but in actual population aren't uniformly widespread. Perhaps it will be more so in the future.
20) In actual population there is a dominant factor for a shortcoat, as with other breed features in the same groups. We have to preserve a few specimens with short coat, but pet fanciers show no interest about this type of...........
21) Represented three basic typs of long hair coat. The above description is ideal. No other, especially one with silky long hair, is acceptable. If fur doesn't part at back shouldn't be considered as a fault. The third typ of coat - "close", compact fur with slightly shorter firm hair, and with short feathering on lower forearm and without longer soft hair on back part of pasterns should be considered only less desirable.
22) Spots can be close to each other, or they can appear few and far between. If not on the skin (it's especially observable on belly) and nowhere on the coat as a spot or tuft, this dog should be considered untypically colored. Rare-occuring spots on the neck. It is very interested that the number of colored spots increase with age. In most puppies, spots are invisible on the hear, and first spots on the belly appears at the same time or shortly after opening its eyes (certainly before end of eighth week).
23) Pronounced varied colouring is a key-traditional peculiarity of the ...... bre- ed. Shepherds strived to own as heterogeneous colored dogs, as they could easily distinguish from these dogs from long distance and observe and identify in inadequate light (in twilight, or during misty morning). Consequently, of ...... presented rather dissimilar colour factors with a few genetic (non auto- recessive) factors which cause polychromy. Beside variegated skin and coat, polichromy is also linked with mucous membrane dark palate pigment. Irregular pigmented paw pads are required. It is especially obvious in puppies; in adult dogs living outside, skin on paw pad is dark. Inadequate pigmentation of eyelids is not rare; it should be considered as a serious deficiency. Dark masks on a head of some specimens should not be considered as a fault, but should be avoid in breeding, because it is a typical feature so many related breeds.
24) In a few interindependent (uncognate) litters, (dark) blue-eyed specimens appear. This trait seems to link with other factors of variegation is considered an authentic hereditable characteristic of the breed. It should be tolerated until further investigation, no matter the commonly accepted aesthetic attitudes. If experiments approve that this trait in ..... isn't hereditarily linked with negative characteristics often noted in other breeds, that blue eye may become incorporate as a possible standard characteristic of a breed. Our experiments will try to justify the presence or absence this same characteristic in closely related breeds of livestock dogs. We know the blue eye naturally appears as a trait in purebred breeding with traditionally variegated colours.
25) "Opened" bite, asymetrical, askew jaws and all similar jaw's disorders.
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